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Artikel getaggt mit Bhikkhu Bodhi

Anagarika Tevijjo – Bare Attention

Introduction

We learn meditation as a tool but often forget what the Buddha taught us to use it for. Furthermore, in this generation, especially in western Buddhism, we often use meditation terms loosely without quite knowing what they mean. A case in point would be the terms “bare awareness” and “bare attention,” which even long-time meditators, depending on how or by whom they have been taught, sometimes interchange.

To begin with “bare awareness,” some will say that it means focused attention on perception in the moment, empty and free of any arising-associations. This, at first, appears sound, but, some others would say that bare awareness is better designated by “bare attention”—getting in-between bare arising sense-feeling and mental reaction to it—“attention” being a more specific and active word than the more general term “awareness.” Yet others will say that as long as the human-consciousness element is present in sensuous and mental awareness, the mind will not be able to see wholly clearly.

There are also those who would say the problem arises out confusion between Pali-English translation terms* and should not be seen as a problem—but a problem it is, indeed, at least for some meditators, so let’s take a more investigative approach towards  these two English translation words.

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Bhikkhu Bodhi – Purification of Mind

An ancient maxim found in the Dhammapada sums up the practice of the Buddha’s teaching in three simple guidelines to training: to abstain from all evil, to cultivate good, and to purify one’s mind. These three principles form a graded sequence of steps progressing from the outward and preparatory to the inward and essential . Each step leads naturally into the one that follows it, and the culmination of the three in purification of mind makes it plain that the heart of Buddhist practice is to be found here. Purification of mind as understood in the Buddha’s teaching is the sustained endeavor to cleanse the mind of defilements, those dark unwholesome mental forces which run beneath the surface stream of consciousness vitiating our thinking, values, attitudes, and actions. The chief among the defilements are the three that the Buddha has termed the “roots of evil” — greed, hatred, and delusion — from which emerge their numerous offshoots and variants: anger and cruelty, avarice and envy, conceit and arrogance, hypocrisy and vanity, the multitude of erroneous views.

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Buddhism And The Caste System

Edited and presented by Anagarika Tevijjo

The Mid-twentieth century produced two great Sri Lankan scholars and gentlemen who’s contributions to Buddhist studies made an indelible impact on western minds within the Theravada community.  They were H. N. Jayatilleke, Professor of Philosophy, University of Ceylon and G. P. Malalasekera, Dean of the Faculty of Oriental Studies and Professor of Pali and Buddhist Civilization, University of Ceylon.

In their monumental work, Buddhism and Racism, UNESCO, 1958 (also condensed in Buddhism and the Race Question, Kandy, BPS Wheel 200/201) they presented the classic refutal of the racism and the caste question,which, although it is known only to an erudite few, deserves to be cited for the illumination of many in the present generation today.  Excerpts from their argument citing references to textual evidence from the Pali Canon and elsewhere will be quoted and explicated below:

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This Generation is All in a Tangle

by David Holmes

In The Connected Discourses of the Buddha, Samyutta Nikaya, Chapter IV, 625, in the Brahmanasamyutta (P.259) edited by Bhikkhu Bodhi.

A Brahmin asks the Buddha:

“A tangle inside, a tangle outside

This generation is entangled in a tangle.

I ask you this, O Gotama

Who can disentangle the tangle?”

This is a question that we could ask about the generation of our own day, in our own country, right now. But, before we can answer such a question, which is framed in a simile, let’s begin by explicating the imagery, line by line, as students of literature would do with a poem, first, attempting to clarify the words in the lines and, then, going on to explain what they mean in a  broader context.

The straight-forward paraphrase would be that because there is something wrong with the way of thinking and behaving in our own day, we need to figure out why the problem has arisen and who can help us understand how to solve it.

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Web-Tip – Buddhist Global Relief

 

In 2007 the American Buddhist scholar-monk, Ven. Bhikkhu Bodhi, was invited to write an editorial essay for the Buddhist magazine Buddhadharma. In his essay, he called attention to the narrowly inward focus of American Buddhism, which has been pursued to the neglect of the active dimension of Buddhist compassion expressed through programs of social engagement. Several of Ven. Bodhi’s students who read the essay felt a desire to follow up on his suggestions. After a few rounds of discussions, they resolved to form a Buddhist relief organization dedicated to alleviating the suffering of the poor and disadvantaged in the developing world. At the initial meetings, seeking a point of focus, they decided to direct their relief efforts at the problem of global hunger, especially by supporting local efforts by those in developing countries to achieve self-sufficiency through improved food productivity. Contacts were made with leaders and members of other Buddhist communities in the greater New York area, and before long Buddhist Global Relief emerged as an inter-denominational organization comprising people of different Buddhist groups who share the vision of a Buddhism actively committed to the task of alleviating social and economic suffering.

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